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The eyeball contains fluid (called intraocular fluid). There is a constant flow of fluid in the eyeball. The fluid is made and then reabsorbed. For unknown reasons, fluid pressure can slowly increase. This increase in pressure will damage the optic nerve and over time lead to a painless loss of vision. This is called chronic glaucoma.
Angle-closure (acute) glaucoma is caused by a shift in the position of the iris of the eye that suddenly blocks the exit of the aqueous humor fluid. This causes a quick, severe, and painful rise in the pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure). Angle-closure glaucoma is an emergency. This is very different from open-angle glaucoma, which painlessly and slowly damages vision.
Different patterns of optic disc damage have been described in chronic glaucoma.It has been suggested that these morphological appearances may represent different clinical entities with specific pathogenic mechanisms. The aims of this study were firstly, to determine the prevalence of various patterns of disc damage in new patients with the diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma; and secondly, to compare the mean age, gender distribution and mean intraocular pressure between groups to determine whether the disc patterns may represent different populations of patients with glaucoma.